Immunization against covid-19 and mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines developed against covid-19 in reducing mortality in people hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort that evaluated risk factors and the effectiveness of the two-dose vaccination schedule in reducing the mortality of people hospitalized for covid-19 in the state of Paraíba from February to November 2021. The explanatory variables were vaccination status, presence of comorbidities, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Descriptive analyses and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: Most hospitalizations and deaths occurred until May 2021. The percentage of patients with a complete vaccination schedule was similar across patients admitted to public and private hospitals and higher in residents of less developed municipalities. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that women (OR = 0.896; 95%CI 0.830-0.967) and people admitted to private hospitals (OR = 0.756; 95%CI 0.679-0.842) were less likely to die. Presence of any comorbidity (OR = 1.627; 95%CI 1.500-1.765) and age ≥ 80 years (OR = 7.426; 95%CI 6.309-8.741) were risk factors for death. Patients with complete vaccination schedule at the time of admission were 41.7% less likely to die (OR = 0.583; 95% CI 0.501-0.679) from covid-19 in the adjusted analysis, as compared to unvaccinated patients. CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals that immunization was effective in reducing the likelihood of death from covid-19. The results suggest that greater vaccination coverage in the first half of 2021 would prevent thousands of deaths in the country.

Immunization against covid-19 and mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort / Imunização contra covid-19 e mortalidade em pacientes hospitalizados: coorte retrospectiva

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines developed against covid-19 in reducing mortality in people hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV-2. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort that evaluated risk factors and the effectiveness of the two-dose vaccination schedule in reducing the mortality of people hospitalized for covid-19 in the state of Paraíba from February to November 2021. The explanatory variables were vaccination status, presence of comorbidities, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Descriptive analyses and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed. RESULTS Most hospitalizations and deaths occurred until May 2021. The percentage of patients with a complete vaccination schedule was similar across patients admitted to public and private hospitals and higher in residents of less developed municipalities. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that women (OR = 0.896; 95%CI 0.830-0.967) and people admitted to private hospitals (OR = 0.756; 95%CI 0.679-0.842) were less likely to die. Presence of any comorbidity (OR = 1.627; 95%CI 1.500-1.765) and age ≥ 80 years (OR = 7.426; 95%CI 6.309-8.741) were risk factors for death. Patients with complete vaccination schedule at the time of admission were 41.7% less likely to die (OR = 0.583; 95% CI 0.501-0.679) from covid-19 in the adjusted analysis, as compared to unvaccinated patients. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals that immunization was effective in reducing the likelihood of death from covid-19. The results suggest that greater vaccination coverage in the first half of 2021 would prevent thousands of deaths in the country.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a efetividade das vacinas desenvolvidas contra a covid-19 na redução da mortalidade em pessoas internadas com síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) causada pelo SARS-CoV-2. MÉTODOS Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva que avaliou fatores de riscos e a efetividade do esquema vacinal com duas doses na redução da mortalidade de pessoas internadas por covid-19 no estado da Paraíba entre fevereiro e novembro de 2021. As variáveis explicativas foram situação vacinal, presença de comorbidades, características socioeconômicas e demográficas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e regressão logística bivariada e multivariável. RESULTADOS A maior parte das internações e óbitos ocorreram até maio de 2021. O percentual de pacientes com esquema vacinal completo foi similar entre pacientes internados em hospitais públicos e privados e superior em residentes de municípios com menor desenvolvimento. A análise multivariável demonstrou que mulheres (OR = 0,896; IC95% 0,830-0,967) e pessoas internadas em hospitais privados (OR = 0,756; IC95% 0,679-0,842) apresentaram menor chance de morte. A presença de alguma comorbidade (OR = 1,627; IC95% 1,500-1,765) e idade ≥ 80 anos (OR = 7,426; IC95% 6,309-8,741) foram fatores de risco de óbito. Pacientes com esquema vacinal completo no momento da internação apresentaram uma chance 41,7% menor de morte (OR = 0,583; IC95% 0,501-0,679) por covid-19 na análise ajustada, quando comparados com pacientes não vacinados. CONCLUSÕES O estudo revela que a imunização foi efetiva na redução da chance de óbito por covid-19. Os resultados sugerem que uma maior cobertura vacinal no primeiro semestre de 2021 evitaria milhares de mortes no país.

Macromorphometric Analysis of Metastatic Lesions in Bones due to Breast Cancer: Contribution to Human Identification.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to report the metastatic lesions observed in identified skeletons whose deaths were caused by breast cancer complications to provide information and evidence that can be used in cases of human identification forensics. METHODS: The research was conducted at the Centre for Forensic Anthropology Studies of the Faculty of Odontology of the University of Pernambuco (CEAF/FOP/UPE), Recife, Brazil. The data bank of the CEAF/FOP/UPE was searched for skeletons with the cause of death reported as due to breast cancer, resulting in five cases. The skeletons were arranged in anatomical positions and macroscopically inspected to register, describe and measure the lesions present to establish the macroscopic patterns of bone destruction caused by breast cancer. RESULT: Of the five skeletons, two presented metastatic lesions. In the first, lesions were observed in a disseminated form, affecting almost all bones. The lesions were predominantly osteolytic and ellipsoid-shaped; however, mixed and circular lesions were also found. The second skeleton presented four lesions of mixed characteristics. The finding of bone lesions in the macroscopic analysis of skeletons may reveal a more advanced stage of the neoplasm, as well as its dissemination in areas little rich in hematopoietic tissue, such as the diaphyses of long bones, a situation widely observed in the first reported case. CONCLUSION: Besides providing more excellent knowledge of their macroscopic presentation, bone metastatic lesions may act as an individualizing factor in human identification cases, narrowing the sample of possible victims.

Persistência da sutura metópica em crânios secos adultos do Nordeste brasileiro: análise antropológica forense / Persistence of metopic suture in adult dry skulls from Northeast Brazil: a forensic anthropological analysis / Persistencia de la sutura metópica en cráneos secos adultos del Nordeste de Brasil: análisis antropológico forense

A sutura metópica forma-se aproximadamente no primeiro trimestre da vida intrauterina entre os dois centros de ossificação que irão formar o osso frontal. Há controvérsias na literatura em relação ao momento em que essa sutura oblitera, mas se sabe que ocorre antes dos dez anos de idade; entretanto, essa sutura pode não obliterar e persistir ao longo da vida do indivíduo. Este trabalho objetivou relatar a persistência da sutura metópica em crânios secos de esqueletos humanos adultos pertencentes ao Centro de Estudos em Antropologia Forense da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Pernambuco (CEAF/FOP/UPE), com a finalidade de demonstrar a importância para a perícia antropológica forense. Dentre os 426 examinados, foram identificados dez crânios (2,4%) com a presença de sutura metópica completa, sendo 5 do sexo masculino e 5 do feminino, compreendendo uma faixa etária de 29 a 86 anos. A persistência da metópica possui relevância forense, afinal as variações anatômicas são vistas como estruturas que não são consequência de uma patologia e que diferem do encontrado na população geral, tornando o indivíduo que as possui ainda mais único. Dessa forma, essa variação anatômica pode atuar como auxiliar no processo de identificação humana na perícia antropológica forense... (AU)

The metopic suture forms approximately in the first trimester of intrauterine life between the two ossification centers that will form the frontal bone. There are controversies in the literature as to when this suture obliterates, but it is known to occur before the age of ten; however, this suture may not obliterate and persist throughout the individual's life. This work aimed to report the persistence of the metopic suture in dried skulls of adult human skeletons belonging to the Center for Studies in Forensic Anthropology of the School of Dentistry of the University of Pernambuco (CEAF/FOP/UPE) in order to demonstrate its importance for forensic anthropology. Among the 426 skeletons examined, ten skulls (2.4%) with complete metopic sutures were identified, five male and five female, ranging in age from 29 to 86 years. The persistence of metopic sutures has forensic relevance, after all, anatomical variations are seen as structures that are not a consequence of pathology and that differs from what is found in the general population, making the individual who has them even more unique. Thus, this anatomical variation can act as an aid in the process of human identification in forensic anthropology... (AU)

La sutura metópica se forma aproximadamente en el primer trimestre de vida intrauterina entre los dos centros de osificación que formarán el hueso frontal. Existen controversias en la literatura sobre el momento en que se oblitera esta sutura, pero se sabe que ocurre antes de los diez años; sin embargo, esta sutura puede no obliterarse y persistir durante toda la vida del individuo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo informar sobre la persistencia de la sutura metópica en cráneos desecados de esqueletos humanos adultos pertenecientes al Centro de Estudos em Antropologia Forense de la Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Pernambuco (CEAF/FOP/UPE), con el fin de demostrar su importancia para la antropología forense. Entre los 426 esqueletos examinados, se identificaron diez cráneos (2,4%) con presencia de sutura metópica completa, 5 masculinos y 5 femeninos, con edades entre 29 y 86 años. La persistencia de la sutura metópica tiene relevancia forense, después de todo las variaciones anatómicas son vistas como estructuras que no son consecuencia de una patología y que difieren de lo que se encuentra en la población general, haciendo aún más único al individuo que las presenta. Así pues, esta variación anatómica puede servir de ayuda en el proceso de identificación humana en antropología forense... (AU)

Autonomous Cross Domain Adaptation Under Extreme Label Scarcity.

A cross domain multistream classification is a challenging problem calling for fast domain adaptations to handle different but related streams in never-ending and rapidly changing environments. Notwithstanding that existing multistream classifiers assume no labeled samples in the target stream, they still incur expensive labeling costs since they require fully labeled samples of the source stream. This article aims to attack the problem of extreme label shortage in the cross domain multistream classification problems where only very few labeled samples of the source stream are provided before process runs. Our solution, namely, Learning Streaming Process from Partial Ground Truth (LEOPARD), is built upon a flexible deep clustering network where its hidden nodes, layers, and clusters are added and removed dynamically with respect to varying data distributions. A deep clustering strategy is underpinned by a simultaneous feature learning and clustering technique leading to clustering-friendly latent spaces. A domain adaptation strategy relies on the adversarial domain adaptation technique where a feature extractor is trained to fool a domain classifier by classifying source and target streams. Our numerical study demonstrates the efficacy of LEOPARD where it delivers improved performances compared to prominent algorithms in 15 of 24 cases. Source codes of LEOPARD are shared in https://github.com/wengweng001/LEOPARD.git to enable further study.

Mantle cell lymphoma involving the oral and maxillofacial region: a study of 20 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathologic features of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) involving the oral and maxillofacial region. METHODS: The MCL cases were retrieved from the pathosis database of 6 pathology laboratories. Original hematoxylin and eosin slides and immunohistochemical reactions were reviewed for confirmation of the initial diagnosis. Clinical data of the cases were obtained from the patients' pathosis and/or medical charts. RESULTS: Twenty cases were included in the study, showing a male predominance and a mean age of 66 years. The oral cavity (12 cases) and the oropharynx (5 cases) were the most commonly involved subsites. Most cases presented as asymptomatic swellings, with 2 cases showing bilateral involvement of the palate. The classic histologic variant predominated (12/20 cases). All cases expressed CD20 with nuclear cyclin D1 positivity. SOX11 was seen in 9/13 cases, CD5 in 6/16 cases, Bcl2 in 16/19 cases, CD10 in 2/20 cases, and Bcl6 in 4/16 cases. Ki67 showed a mean proliferation index of 40.6%. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was negative in all cases investigated. Follow-up data was available for 7 patients, with 5 currently alive and 2 deceased. CONCLUSION: Mantle cell lymphoma, albeit rare, may manifest in the oral and maxillofacial region. Its histologic heterogeneity demands a high degree of diagnostic skill from pathologists.

Experimental Evaluation of Chitosan Membrane and Collagen Sponge (TachoSil®) as Sealants in Cardiovascular Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study are to experimentally evaluate the haemostatic effects of two organic substances, a membrane of chitosan and a collagen sponge coated with thrombin and human fibrinogen (TachoSil®), in sealing 7-0 needle stitches holes on the femoral arteries of rats as well as to evaluate local histological reactions. METHODS: Twenty-four rats were included, and four holes were made in each common femoral artery. In the control group, haemostasis was achieved only by compression with gauze sponge; and in the two other groups, haemostasis was achieved with application of one of these two substances. RESULTS: Membrane of chitosan and TachoSil® showed a power to reduce the time to achieve haemostasis compared with the control group (P=0.001), and the haemostatic effects of these two substances were comparable. There was lower blood loss in the groups where these two substances were used when compared with the control group, but no difference was found comparing the two substances. CONCLUSION: The use of these sealants did not promote more adhesion or local histological reactions when compared to the control group. Since chitosan is easy to find in nature, has a positive effect to promote haemostasis, and did not bring considerable local reactions, it might be used as a sealant in cardiovascular surgery.

Experimental Evaluation of Chitosan Membrane and Collagen Sponge (TachoSil®) as Sealants in Cardiovascular Surgery

ABSTRACT Introduction: The objectives of this study are to experimentally evaluate the haemostatic effects of two organic substances, a membrane of chitosan and a collagen sponge coated with thrombin and human fibrinogen (TachoSil®), in sealing 7-0 needle stitches holes on the femoral arteries of rats as well as to evaluate local histological reactions. Methods: Twenty-four rats were included, and four holes were made in each common femoral artery. In the control group, haemostasis was achieved only by compression with gauze sponge; and in the two other groups, haemostasis was achieved with application of one of these two substances. Results: Membrane of chitosan and TachoSil® showed a power to reduce the time to achieve haemostasis compared with the control group (P=0.001), and the haemostatic effects of these two substances were comparable. There was lower blood loss in the groups where these two substances were used when compared with the control group, but no difference was found comparing the two substances. Conclusion: The use of these sealants did not promote more adhesion or local histological reactions when compared to the control group. Since chitosan is easy to find in nature, has a positive effect to promote haemostasis, and did not bring considerable local reactions, it might be used as a sealant in cardiovascular surgery.

Case report of a criminal dismemberment in Northeast Brazil.

Several decomposed body parts were received for examination by the Forensic Anthropology section of the Medico-legal Institute of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The portions of the lower and upper limbs, ribs, vertebrae, and a skull were thoroughly examined. The biological profile indicated a male individual with an estimated age range between 23 and 57 years and a mean age of 35.2 years (SD = 9.4; phase IV, Suchey-Brooks). The skeleton showed injuries caused by sharp force and sharp-blunt force trauma that affected all body segments. Macroscopically, the lesions are mainly in the diaphyseal segments of the long bones, sacrum, pelvis, mandible, maxilla, scapulae, sternum, vertebrae, the distal epiphysis of the left fibula, and the distal epiphysis of the left tibia displayed characteristics compatible with injuries produced perimortem. It was not possible to determine the cause of death. DNA analysis resulted in a positive identification. Because of common difficulties faced in forensic practice, it is often not possible for forensic anthropologists to go to the crime scene, X-ray or body scanners are frequently unavailable, and the victim's medical and/or dental records are sometimes absent. These difficulties make identification ultimately depend on genetic analysis, which is more time-consuming than other identification methods. Despite this, bone fragment examination in dismemberment cases is a complex task. Forensic Anthropology can shed light on cases involving the identification of dismembered remains, which are challenging because of the number of traumatic injuries, as well as different injury patterns, on bones.

Disjunção do anel mitral: modalidades diagnósticas, implicações clínicas e evolução prognóstica / Mitral annulus disjunction: diagnostic modalities, clinical implications, and prognostic progression

A disjunção do anel mitral (DAM) é uma inserção anormal da linha de flexão do anel mitral na parede atrial. O anel mostra uma separação (disjunção) entre a junção folheto posterior-parede atrial e a crista miocárdica ventricular esquerda.1 A DAM foi descrita pela primeira vez há mais de 30 anos em estudo de autópsia, estando relacionada com prolapso da valva mitral (PVM) em 92% dos casos.2 Desde então, foram realizados diversos estudos, sendo a prevalência de DAM em pacientes com PVM reportada de forma variável, podendo ou não estar associada à insuficiência mitral. O ecocardiograma transtorácico (ETT) faz parte da avaliação inicial do prolapso valvar mitral, permitindo o diagnóstico e a avaliação de complicações relacionadas. Com a evolução de novos métodos diagnósticos, a ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) e o ecocardiograma transesofágico (ETE) passaram a aprimorar a avaliação dessa patologia, bem como de sua extensão e localização. Contudo, as características fenotípicas do PVM que estão mais associadas a DAM permanecem incertas, sobretudo devido ao número limitado de pacientes, nos estudos clássicos sobre o tema. Portadores de DAM podem desenvolver sintomas relacionados a arritmias ventriculares, configurando a síndrome arrítmica da DAM (SDAM), podendo evoluir para morte súbita. Na literatura, os dados prognósticos ainda são conflitantes entre os diversos estudos acerca do tema, indo desde critérios claros de diagnóstico, o melhor método de imagem a ser aplicado, o tratamento e o prognóstico. Esta revisão descreve as características da DAM associada ou não ao prolapso valvar, auxiliando no diagnóstico e na conduta dessa importante patologia. (AU)

Mitral annulus disjunction (MAD) is an abnormal insertion of the flexion line of the mitral annulus into the atrial wall. The annulus presents a separation (disjunction) between the posterior leaflet­atrial wall junction and the left ventricular myocardial crest.1 MAD was first described more than 30 years ago in an autopsy study and is reportedly related to mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in 92% of cases.2 Since then, several studies have been conducted, and reports on the prevalence of MAD in patients with MVP have varied. Ultimately, it may or may not be associated with mitral regurgitation. Transthoracic echocardiography is part of initial MVP assessment, allowing its diagnosis and the assessment of related complications. As new diagnostic methods emerged, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and transesophageal echocardiography improved the assessment of this pathology in terms of its diagnosis, extension, and location. However, the phenotypic characteristics of MVP that are more closely associated with MAD remain uncertain mainly due to the limited number of patients in classic studies on the subject. Patients with MAD may develop symptoms related to ventricular arrhythmias, configuring the MAD arrhythmic syndrome, which may progress to sudden death. The literature presents conflicting prognostic data among several studies on the subject from clear diagnostic criteria and best imaging method to be used to treatment and prognosis. This review describes MAD characteristics associated (or not) with valve prolapse to improve the diagnosis and management of this important pathology. (AU)

Mantle cell lymphoma, malt lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma of the oral cavity: An update.

BACKGROUND: Although uncommon, mature small B-cell lymphomas may arise in the oral/maxillofacial area and oral pathologists must be aware of the key characteristics of these neoplasms to perform an accurate diagnosis. In this manuscript, we attempted to integrate the currently available data on the clinicopathological features of follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT-L), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/ small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) affecting these anatomical regions. METHODS: An updated descriptive literature review was carried out and a detailed electronic search was done in multiple databases to gather all cases affecting the oral/maxillofacial region and palatine tonsils. RESULTS: We observed that MALT-L was the most frequently reported subtype, followed by FL, MCL, and CLL/SLL. The palate was affected in a high proportion of cases and the most usual clinical presentation was an asymptomatic swelling. MALT-L and CLL/SLL neoplastic cells were strongly associated with small salivary glands. FL showed no gender preference, while MCL and CLL/SLL were more prevalent in males and MALT-L in females. Overall, cases were more common in elderly individuals. Patients' treatment and outcome varied, with MCL being the most aggressive neoplasm with a dismal prognosis in comparison to FL and MALT-L. CONCLUSION: Despite the poor documentation in many of the cases available, especially regarding the microscopic and molecular features of tumors, this review demonstrated that the oral mature small B-cell lymphomas investigated share similar clinical presentation, but carry different prognostic significance, demanding an accurate diagnosis.

Avaliação estabilométrica, eletromiográfica e qualidade de vida em pacientes com fibromialgia / Stabilometric and electromyographic evaluation and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia

Introdução: A fibromialgia é uma síndrome crônica não inflamatória, tendo como característica a dor difusa, seu diagnóstico é efetuado na presença de dor generalizada, sensibilidade à palpação em 11 pontos pré-determinados. Objetivo: Avaliar o equilíbrio, controle motor e a qualidade de vida em pacientes com fibromialgia. Métodos: Estudo controlado, duplo cego e inferencial de abordagem quantitativa, foi realizado com 11 voluntários com idade entre 18 e 75 anos. Avaliação eletromiográfica, estabilométrica, e aplicação dos questionários de qualidade de vida SF-36, Escala de Epworth e Escala de Depressão de Beck foram realizados. Resultados: Os participantes tinham idade média de 45,5 anos. Na Escala de Epworth apresentaram sonolência grave (54,54%), na Escala de Depressão de Beck apresentaram-se sem depressão ou depressão leve (36,36%), no Questionário SF-36 obtiveram pontuações próximas a 0. Na eletromiografia, encontrou-se pouca contração muscular para glúteo médio (35,03), supraespinhoso (135,5) e trapézio (176,08). Na estabilometria, obteve-se área de oscilação de 1,68 cm², velocidade anteroposterior e médio-lateral (1,50 e 1,21, respectivamente). Conclusão: Conclui-se que os pacientes com fibromialgia apresentaram redução na contração das musculaturas afetadas, desequilíbrio anterior e à direita com grande oscilação de área na plataforma de força e alteração no tempo de reação ao desequilíbrio. (AU)

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a chronic non-inflammatory syndrome, characterized by diffuse pain; its diagnosis is made in the presence of generalized pain, sensitivity to palpation in 11 predetermined points. Objective: To evaluate balance, motor control and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods: A double-blind, inferential, quantitative approach was performed with eleven volunteers aged 18-75 years. An electromyographic, stabilometric, and SF-36 quality of life questionnaire, Epworth scale, and Beck Depression Scale were carried out. Results: Participants had a mean age of 45.5 years. In the Epworth Scale they presented severe drowsiness (54.54%), in the Beck Depression Scale they presented no depression or mild depression (36.36%), in the Questionnaire SF-36 they obtained scores close to 0. At electromyography, they found there was little muscle contraction for the gluteus medius (35.03), supraspinatus (135.5) and trapezius (176.08). In the stabilometry, it obtained an oscillation area of 1.68 cm², anteroposterior and mid-lateral velocity (1.50 and 1.21, respectively). Conclusion: It is concluded that patients with fibromyalgia have a reduction in the contraction of the affected muscles, anterior and right imbalance with great oscillation of the area on the force platform and change in the time of reaction to the imbalance. (AU)

Características Antropométricas do Palato Ósseo de uma Amostra Brasileira de Esqueletos Identificados / Anthropometric Characteristics of the Bony Palate in a Brazilian Sample of Identified Skeletons

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as carac-terísticas antropométricas do palato ósseo de uma amostra brasileira de esqueletos identificados Metodologia: Foi desen-volvido um estudo de corte transversal, por meio da análise de 178 crânios secos humanos, oriundos do Arquivo de Ossadas do Departamento de Odontologia Social da Faculdade de Odon-tologia de Piracicaba (FOP/UNICAMP), São Paulo. Utilizando paquímetro digital, foram realizadas medições lineares que incluíam forame incisivo à espinha nasal posterior (FI-ENP), forame palatino maior direito ao forame palatino maior esquer-do (FPMD-FPME), forame incisivo ao forame palatino maior direito (FI-FPMD) e forame incisivo ao forame palatino maior esquerdo (FI-FPME). Os testes t-Student, F(ANOVA), Tukey, LSD, Kruskal Wallis e Pearson, com nível de significância de 5,0%. Resultados: Do total de crânios analisados, 54,5% eram do sexo masculino, com mediana de idade de 56 anos. Todas as medidas analisadas apresentaram dimorfismo sexual, onde homens possuíram maiores dimensões do que o sexo oposto (p<0,001). Do total de palatos estudados, 104 eram pertencen-tes a indivíduos brancos, 49 a miscigenados e 25 a negros. As medidas FI-ENP, FPMD-FPME e FI-FPME apresentaram-se maiores em negros, seguidos dos miscigenados e brancos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que as características do palato ósseo podem ser aplicadas como maior confiabilidade para a estima-tiva do sexo na amostra brasileira estudada. (AU)

Objective: This study aimed to describe the anthropometric characteristics of the bony palate in a Brazilian sample of identified skeletons. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of 178 human skulls from the Laboratory of Forensic Physical Anthropology at Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, São Paulo. A digital pachymeter was used to perform linear measurements from the incisive foramen to the posterior nasal spine (IF-PNS); right greater palatine foramen to left greater palatine foramen (RGPF-LGPF); incisive foramen to the right greater palatine foramen (IF-RGPF); and incisive foramen to the left greater palatine foramen (IF-LMPF). The data were submitted to Student's t, F (ANOVA), Tukey, LSD, Kruskal Wallis and Pearson tests, with a significance level of 5.0%. Results: Of the total skulls analyzed, 54.5% were from males, with a median age of 56 years. All the study measures presented sexual dimorphism, in which males had larger dimen-sions than females (p<0.001). Of the total palates studied, 104 were from white individuals, 49 were from mixed-race and 25 from black individuals. The IF-PNS, RGPF-LGPF and IF-LGPF measurements were greater in black individuals, followed by mixed-race and white individuals. Conclusion: In conclusion, the characteristics of the bony palate can be applied with higher reliability to estimate sex in Brazilian sample studied.(AU)

Acute effect of partial body weight suspension on the level of cocontraction and gait biomechanics in women with knee osteoarthritis / Efeito agudo da suspensão parcial de peso corporal no nível de cocontração e biomecânica da marcha em mulheres com osteoartrite de joelho / Efecto agudo de la suspensión parcial de peso corporal en el nivel de co-contracción y biomecánica de la marcha en mujeres con osteoartritis de rodilla

Abstract Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OAK) is one of the most prevalent rheumatic diseases in the population, characterized by functional limitation and gait difficulties with profound clinical relevance, as walking is the most frequently performed daily activity. These functional limitations may be more pronounced when the disease is associated with obesity. Objective: To investigate the effect of different body weight suspension percentages on gait biomechanical variables and co-contraction percentages in women with OAK. Method: Fourteen women aged 50-75 years, with a body mass index between 26 and 35 and radiological diagnosis of OAK participated in the study. On the first day, anamnesis and familiarization with gait on the treadmill was performed. On the second day, treadmill gait assessment was performed using partial body weight support (SPPC) in three conditions-15%, 30%, and 45% suspension. During the evaluation, electromyographic and kinematic data were collected. The variables analyzed were percentage of hip (gluteus maximus/rectus femoris), knee (femoral biceps/vastus lateralis), and ankle (anterior tibial/lateral gastrocnemius), and length and step widths. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in the length and step width and the level of co-contraction between the running conditions analyzed. Conclusion: Body weight suspension using SPPC during treadmill running did not alter the biomechanical variables of the gait of women with OAK.

Resumo Introdução: A osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ) é a uma das doenças reumáticas mais prevalentes na população, caracterizada por causar limitação funcional, sendo as dificuldades de marcha de grande relevância clínica por ser a atividade diária mais realizada. Essas limitações funcionais podem ser mais acentuadas quando a doença está associada a obesidade. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito de diferentes porcentagens de suspensão do peso corporal no percentual de cocontração e nas variáveis biomecânicas da marcha em mulheres com OAJ. Método: Estudo transversal no qual participaram do estudo 14 mulheres com idade entre 50-75 anos, IMC entre 26-35, com diagnóstico radiológico de OAJ. No primeiro dia foi realizado anamnese e familiarização da marcha na esteira. No segundo dia, foi realizado avaliação da marcha em esteira utilizando suporte parcial de peso corporal (SPPC) em três condições: 15%, 30% e 45% de suspensão. Durante a avaliação foram coletados dados eletromiográficos e cinemáticos. As variáveis analisadas foram: percentual de cocontração do quadril (glúteo máximo/reto femoral), joelho (bíceps femoral/vasto lateral) e tornozelo (tibial anterior/gastrocnêmio lateral); comprimento e largura do passo. Para análise estatística foi aplicado o teste Anova One Way, com nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa para o comprimento e largura de passo, assim como para o nível de cocontração entre as condições de marcha analisadas (p>0.05). Conclusão: A suspensão do peso corporal usando SPPC durante a marcha em esteira não altera o percentual de cocontração e as variáveis biomecânicas da marcha de mulheres com OAJ.

Resumen Introducción: Una de las enfermedades reumáticas más prevalentes en la población, la osteoartritis de rodilla (OAJ) se caracteriza por causar limitación funcional, siendo las dificultades de marcha de gran relevancia clínica por ser la actividad diaria más realizada. Estas limitaciones funcionales pueden ser más intensas en asociación con la obesidad. Objetivo: Investigar el efecto de diferentes porcentajes de suspensión de peso corporal sobre las variables biomecánicas de la marcha y el porcentaje de cocontracción en mujeres con OAJ. Método: Participaron en el estudio 14 mujeres con edad entre 50-75 años, IMC entre 26-35, con diagnóstico radiológico de OAJ. En el primer día se realizó anamnesis y familiarización de la marcha en la cinta de correr. En el segundo día, se realizó una evaluación de la marcha en la cinta utilizando soporte parcial de peso corporal (SPPC) en tres condiciones: 15%, 30% y 45% de suspensión. Durante la evaluación se recogieron datos electromiográficos y cinemáticos. Las variables analizadas fueron: porcentaje de cocontración de la cadera (glúteo máximo/recto femoral), rodilla (bíceps femoral/vasto lateral) y tobillo (tibial anterior/gastrocnémio lateral); longitud y anchura del paso. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicó la prueba Anova One Way, con un nivel de significación de p <0,05. Resultados: No hubo diferencia significativa para la longitud y anchura del paso, así como para el nivel de cocontración entre las condiciones de marcha analizadas. Conclusión: La suspensión del peso corporal con SPPC durante la marcha en cinta no alteró las variables biomecánicas de la marcha de mujeres con OAJ.

Editorial / Editorial / Editorial

Editorial do volume 8, número 3.

Editorial volume 8, number 3.

Editorial volumen 8, número 3.

Avaliação da espessura de tecido mole facial em uma população brasileira in vivo "a espessura do tecido mole facial em Brasileiros" / Evaluation of the facial soft tissue thickness in a Brazilian in vivo population "facial soft tissue thickness in Brazilians"

Introdução: Hoje em dia há uma enorme demanda para identificação individual tanto no campo da justiça civil e criminal. Existem várias maneiras de identificar indivíduos, dependendo se ele está vivo ou morto (cadáver ou esqueleto). Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de criar um banco de dados para a espessura do tecido mole facial em indivíduos vivos de uma determinada população brasileira, de acordo com idade, sexo e índice de massa corporal. Métodos: medições da espessura de tecidos moles faciais foram realizadas em 101 pacientes (62 homens e 39 mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 106 anos). TC foi realizado tendo em conta 20 pontos craniométricos selecionados previamente. A espessura dos tecidos moles nestes pontos foram inicialmente medida e comparada com a idade, sexo e estado nutricional e com dados de outras populações em todo o mundo. Resultados: De acordo com o sexo não houve diferenças significativas nos pontos: násio, rínion, meio do filtro labial midphiltrum , supradentale, e órbita lateral. Distâncias com diferenças significativa para ambos os sexos entre as diferentes populações foram: supradentale; infradentale; supramentale; órbita lateral; arco zigomático e linha oclusal. Alguns pontos antropométricos mostraram diferenças significativas entre sexo, faixa etária e estado nutricional. Entre os sexos, os homens apresentaram médias maiores. Entre os grupos etários, houve também diferenças significativas em algumas distâncias. Em relação ao estado nutricional, as distâncias foram menores entre peso normal e maior entre os obesos. Conclusão: Ao considerar várias populações, a espessura do tecido mole mostrou diferenças significativas em muitos pontos craniométricos destacando como eles podem ser distintas.

Introduction: Nowadays there is a huge demand for individual identification in both civil and criminal justice fields. There are several ways to identify individuals, depending on whether he is alive or dead (cadaver or skeleton). This research aimed to create a database for facial soft tissue thickness in living individuals of a specific Brazilian population, according to age, sex and body mass index. Methods: Measurements of facial soft tissues thickness were done in 101 patients (62 men and 39 women, aged 18 to 106 years). CT scans were performed taking into account 20 craniometric points previously selected. The soft tissue thickness in these points were initially found and compared with age, sex and nutritional status, and with another populations data worldwide. Results: According about sex was no significant difierence in points: nasion, rhinion, midphiltrum, supradentale and lateral orbit. Distances with significant difference for both sexes between the diferent populations were: supradentale; infradentale; supramentale; lateral orbit; zygomatic arch and occlusal line. Some anthropometric points showed significant differences between sex, age groups and nutritional status. Between sexes, men had greater means. Among age groups, there was also significant differences in some distances. In relation to nutritional status, the distances were lower among normal weight and higher among the obese. Conclusion: When considering various populations, soft tissue thickness had significant differences in many craniometric points highlighting how distinct they might be.